What is X-ray fluorescence?

When a material is exposed to strong enough short-wavelength energy (like X-rays), the atoms that compose that material will respond by releasing particles with energy specific to the atom they came from, called characteristic radiation. For example, an atom of gold will respond to X-ray exposure by releasing characteristic radiation that only gold can produce.

How is X-ray fluorescence used to identify counterfeit cards?

Using this technique on trading cards, all of the different elements in the ink, the paper, and the glue that hold the card together will release characteristic radiation.

By measuring this radiation, we can determine a precise elemental composition for each card that can be used to identify it, similar to how a unique fingerprint can be used to identify a person.

If we compare the elemental composition of an unknown card to the elemental composition of similar cards that we know are real, we can test if a card produces a similar chemical composition.

Can X-ray fluorescence damage my cards?

No.

When considering potential scientific methods for identifying counterfeit cards, x-ray fluorescence was a top choice because of its non-destructive nature. Because of this, it is one of only a handful of techniques that are frequently used by archaeologists and historians to examine sensitive materials including famous artworks, rare documents, books and artifacts, and precious metals.

The technique we are using is done under Earth’s surface temperature and pressures and requires no liquids, gases, or any other elements that could pose a risk, meaning your cards are never exposed to any unnatural conditions.

Can X-ray fluorescence really identify counterfeits?

Counterfeit cards are made using different methods and products than real cards. While counterfeiters can iterate and improve how their fakes look and feel, matching the chemistry of a card is nearly impossible without having access to the same materials and processes as the printing press itself. X-ray fluorescence takes advantage of this, allowing us to protect our client’s investments in the secondary market.